From morphology to molecular targets—the pathologist’s view in diagnosing gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

نویسندگان

چکیده

Summary In the last decade, a number of genetic alterations in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) have been identified. addition, differences tumor morphology as well proliferation index (Ki-67) or mitoses led to changes classification these neoplasms. According new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, GEP-NENs are now divided into two genetically and prognostically different categories: (i) well-differentiated tumors (NET) subdivided low (G1), intermediate (2) high (G3) grade tumors, (ii) poorly differentiated carcinomas (NEC). group mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine (MiNEN) has defined. This review focuses on clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical molecular findings their key diagnostic features that can help pathologist differentiate between this heterogeneous group. challenging cases, additional and/or analysis be helpful determine correct diagnosis proper treatment for patient.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Memo – Magazine of European Medical Oncology

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['1865-5041', '1865-5076']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12254-022-00850-5